I also teach math, and I've found that many at-risk students can't do bookwork successfully because a) they can't read the directions, or b) it's truly too difficult, or c) their attention span is limited. I often use individual whiteboards (this also requires markers and rags) because I control the pace and can back up easily. I like Bingo with math problems and vocab (we use scratch paper folded into 16 rectangles). This fun way of learning gets buy-in quickly. I use a lot of worksheets with such students because they're unwilling to write down a problem, and don't have paper, and with many worksheets they don't have to. If you have a set curriculum you must follow, it will be more challenging than if you get to choose the pace. I also don't give cumulative tests to at-risk students (except a final exam, which is required at our school), but rather a weekly quiz, which I review for immediately preceding the quiz. Sometimes I "accidentally" leave problems on the board. Many at-risk students have retention problems, undiagnosed learning disabilities, or known disabilities. Ten short problems allows them to have some success, and I make the first 6 very simple so that those who've been present can pass.
I give as many hands-on assignments as possible, using protractors and rulers or Hands-on-Equations. Bring cylinders and rectangular prisms (cans and boxes) to measure. I don't let students work in groups until they've proven they can stay in their seats and work independently. When I do choose groups, I make it clear that it's revocable at any moment. Give 2 leader-students the roster and let them choose the groups privately.
Hang in there! You'll get new ideas every year. You have a difficult first-year assignment, and a chance to make a difference.
I give time for a "Sports Report" at the beginning of 1st period each day, allowing students involved in sports, drama, band, or any other group to report on the previous day's happenings. They enjoy talking about how the game went, and I prompt them for details until they understand that "we won" isn't enough. If you don't have sports, you could randomly choose 2 students each day to talk about anything they want for a few minutes.
Don't give up, keep trying new things. And do try to get to know the kids--every so often I have a kid I truly dislike. I make him or her my challenge-child, searching to find something I like. Before long, I DO like him or her! A challenge student from 2 years ago has become very dear to me, and I can't remember why I didn't like him!
Barb